This paper traces how much electricity and water US data centers consume and how that demand is reshaping utility costs by showing the electricity use and water consumption growth since 2014. The report ties that growth to rising bills in areas with dense data center clusters, citing a 12 percent annual increase in Virginia's Loudoun County electricity rates through 2050 and a $25.64 average bill increase in central Ohio between April and July 2025.
A Summary of the Current State of Data Center Electricity and Water Demand and Its Effects on Utilities
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Paul Molnar
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