Water Use in Data Centers: What do we need to know?

Written by Dr. Ted Schettler for the Science and Environmental Health Network in August 2025.
This document examines the significant water demands of data centers and provides guidance for communities evaluating potential impacts. It addresses both direct and indirect water consumption:
1. Indirect use: Electricity generation at thermoelectric power plants, which account for roughly 40% of national water withdrawals
2. Direct use: Onsite cooling systems to manage heat from electronic equipment
The document details several cooling approaches and associated water concerns, including the use of toxic chemicals and corrosion inhibitors in cooling systems.